Perennial species which thrives min cold climates, where it can substitute clover. The quality of its forage is very similar to red clover forage quality. It is geneally used in intercropping with grasses suchas ryegrass and timothy.

It i san excellent pasture plant, especially suitable for temperate-wet climates. It tolerates some acidity in the soil.It spreads thanks to stolons and it prevents soil erosion considerably.

Ladino clover is a giant form of white clover and it originates in northern Italy in the Lombardy “marcite” (flooded meadows). Establishment sowing must be effected by interseeding cereal or it can be sown as a single specie in areas where it is used as irrigated pasture. In this case sowing rate is 7-10 Kg/ha. This species thrives in light alluvional soils where abundant water is available for irrigation. It can yeld 6 to 8 cuts per year, amounting to 10.000- 13.000 Kgs/ha of high nutritional value hay, whith a protein content of 17-20%. The recommended cutting time is when the first peeps tend to get brown. It is used in intercropping to establish permanent meadows.

It iso ne of the most important leguminous seeds and most widespread al lover the world. It has a highly developed fottoing root, upright stems up to 80 cm tall, short oval-shaped leaves, smooth or fimely dentate, green and varably stained and pink to purple suboval flowers. It is a highly appreciated forage plant thanks to its great adaptability to thrive in very different climatic conditions in flat as well as mountainous country, in clay as well as slightly acid or slightly alkaline soils. However, it prefers cool and slightly humid soils. It generally lasts no longer than two years except for some varieties which can last up to three or four years. Differences among varieties can be found concerning class, flowering, growing habitus and hairy or hairless appearance of the plant.

Very strong perennial species 60-80 cm tall. Coarse stems, more or less empty. It is particularly suitable for dry clay soils or poor sandy ones with permeable well drained subsoils. It is normally cultivated in hilly soils not suitable for alfalfa. The seed is sold unshed (sowing rate of about 100Kg /ha) derusked (sowing rate of about 60 Kg/ha).

Annual species highly adaptable to different soils and climates. It is moderately frost resistant. The grass meadow that it produces is normally used fresh but it can also be hayed or silaged.

It is quite frost resistant annual plant, but it does not tolerate hot dry climates. It is used in mld winter areas for autumn-spring production, while in cold winter areas it is used for spring-summer production.

It is the most rustic and frost resistant vetch species and for this reason it is used for autumn-spring grass meadows.

Biennal-perennial species 60-100 cm tall. It is suitable for hot but not tropical climates with mild winters. It thrives in clay soils but it does not tolerate acid and salty soils. It is a typical pasture species.

It is a perennial temperate climate plant for meadows and mountain pastures up to 2000 meters above sea level. It is considerably frost resistant and it tolerates drought as well. It grows well in any kind of soil. Its forage is higly palatable.