Medium longevity plant, shorter than Italian ryegrass. Suitable for cool-temperate climates, wet and rainy. It is one of the most widely used meadow and pasture species. It is an essential component in mixtures. Perennial ryegrass is fast and agressivly growing after sowing consequently its percentage in the mixture should not be too high to allow the slow establishing species to develop and in any case have a fair production right from the first year.

They are artificial inter-specific hybrids between Italian and perennial ryegrass. The resulting varieties put together some of the characteristics of both parent plants. They have generally a longer life span than Italian ryegrass, but they regrow earlier in spring than perennial ryegrass.

Very rustic and highly adaptable perennial plant. It tolerates moderate water logging and drought; it tolerates winter frost as well as summer heat. It is sown in autumn or spring, as a single crop or in association with other species; it roots slowly. It grows very bunchy and forms large tufts. It produces very high quantities of forage.There are considerable differences among varieties as regards spiking.

Perennial species, shorter than tall fescue. It is also less rustic than the latter. It is considerably frost resistant. It is also heat and drought resistant, but to a lesser degree than Tall fescue.

Perennial plant, frost resistant as well as drought and summer heat resistant.It thrives in a wide rangeof soils. It is sown in spring or autumn, as a single crop or in association with other species. It germinates after 2-3 weeks and it roots quickly. The field gets thicker and thicker after the first year. The quality of the forage is good provided that it is cut at the beginning of flowering. There are considerable differences among varieties as regards flowering time.

Perennial plant, extensively used in meadow and permanent pasture mixtures, in cool climatic conditions. Plants reach their maximum level of expansion during the 3^rd-4^th year. In spring vegetation starts relatively late and flowering is also late.

Species of great adaptability. It is found in montaimous as well as plain areas, but it is mostly used in alpine pastures.It is sown in spring, as a single crop or in association with other grasses. It produces high quantities of forage, but of a relatively low quality.

Rustic species, heat, drought and frost resistant. It thrives in continental climates and in low fertility soils. Its forage, which the plant produces in good quantity, is appreciated by the cattle if it is cut early, otherwise it becomes hard and coarse.

Perennial species of medium height, shorter than smooth brome. Suitable for silage, it only grows well and gives high yeld in fertile soils, but not dry for too long.

It is similar to rescuegrass but it is more winter hardy.

Perennial creeping plant, suitable for cool soils. It is particularly winter hardy and suffers summer heat considerably. It must be sown in spring in well watered soils. It germinates and takes root very slowly. It is wear tolerant and is suitable for pasture in temperate wet climates.

Forage species capable of producing hay or grass during summer in a quck rotation, in fact it can be cut at 60-70 days from sowing.

This includes many varieties which are crossings between the species sudangrass and sorghum. Its main characteristic is its considerable regrowth capacity. Two to four cuts can be obtained depending on sowing time. It can be grazed, silaged or hayed if a good crashing machine is available.